The pathophysiology of disease is consequently brought on by humor excesses and/or deficiencies. Having the right amount of humor is essential for health. The body depends heavily on the four humors because their balanced combination helps to keep people in good health. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. Health is primarily that state in which these constituent substances are in the correct proportion to each other, both in strength and quantity, and are well mixed. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. The Human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. One of the treatises attributed to Hippocrates, On the Nature of Man, describes the theory as follows: Hippocrates, and then Galen, suggested that a moderate imbalance in the mixture of these fluids produces behavioral patterns.
Alcmaeon and Hippocrates posited that an extreme excess or deficiency of any of the humors ( bodily fluid) in a person can be a sign of illness. In contrast to Alcmaeon, Hippocrates suggested that humors are the vital bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Hippocrates is usually credited with applying this idea to medicine. Ancient Indian Ayurveda medicine had developed a theory of three doshas (doṣas), which they linked with the five elements ( pañca-bhūta): earth, water, fire, air, and space. The word humor is a translation of Greek χυμός, chymos (literally juice or sap, metaphorically flavor). The concept of "humors" may have origins in Ancient Egyptian medicine, or Mesopotamia, though it was not systemized until ancient Greek thinkers.
His list of humors was longer and included fundamental elements described by Empedocles, such as water, air, earth, fire, etc. The concept of "humors" (chemical systems regulating human behaviour) became more prominent from the writing of medical theorist Alcmaeon of Croton (c.
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